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Association Between Dietary Fluoride and Calcium Intake of School-Age Children With Symptoms of Dental and Skeletal Fluorosis in Halaba, Southern Ethiopia

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dc.contributor.author Tefera, Nahom
dc.contributor.author Mulualem, Demmelash
dc.contributor.author Baye, Kaleab
dc.contributor.author Tessema, Masresha
dc.contributor.author Woldeyohannes, Meseret
dc.contributor.author Yehualashe, Asrat
dc.contributor.author J. Whiting, Susan
dc.date.accessioned 2023-02-06T08:42:08Z
dc.date.available 2023-02-06T08:42:08Z
dc.date.issued 2022-03-04
dc.identifier.citation Tefera N, Mulualem D, Baye K, Tessema M, Woldeyohannes M, Yehualashet A and Whiting SJ (2022) Association Between Dietary Fluoride and Calcium Intake of School-Age Children With Symptoms of Dental and Skeletal Fluorosis in Halaba, Southern Ethiopia. Front. Oral. Health 3:853719. en_US
dc.identifier.uri http://ephispace.ephi.gov.et/xmlui/handle/123456789/545
dc.description.abstract Background In the Ethiopian Rift Valley, ways to reduce the fluoride (F) burden from drinking water have been unsuccessful. Calcium (Ca) intake may mitigate fluorosis by binding with F ions and preventing absorption. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between Ca intake and proportion of fluorosis symptoms in school-age children in an area where F levels are known to be higher than WHO limit of 1.5 mg F/L water. Methods A cross-sectional survey in the Halaba zone involved 135 eligible children aged 6–13 year who were recruited to have dental fluorosis assessed by a dentist and skeletal fluorosis assessed by a physiotherapist. Dietary Ca intake was determined by 24-h recall. Food items and samples from ground wells, taps and spring water were collected for F concentration. Associations were measured using bivariate logistic regression, adjusted for known confounders. Results Water F averaged 5.09 mg/L. Total F intake was high, 10.57 mg/day, and Ca intake was low, 520 mg/day. Prevalence of dental fluorosis (from very mild to severe symptoms) was 73.1% for younger children (6–8 years) and 68.3 % for older children (9–13 years). The prevalence of children having symptoms of skeletal fluorosis ranged between 55.1 and 72.4%, with no apparent age difference. Dietary F intake of children was significantly positively associated with presence of dental fluorosis. Dietary Ca intake of children was significantly negatively associated with dental fluorosis. Higher than average dietary F intake significantly increased the odds of developing skeletal fluorosis symptoms when measured as inability to stretch and fold arms to touch back of head. Higher than average Ca intake was significantly associated with decreased odds of developing skeletal fluorosis measured as inability to bend body to touch the toes or floor. Conclusions High dietary F, as expected, was associated with fluorosis in children. In the presence of higher Ca intake (>520 mg/day) some fluorosis symptoms were mitigated. There is a need to improve Ca intakes as all were below recommended levels, and this nutritional strategy may also reduce burden of excess F. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher ORIGINAL RESEARCH en_US
dc.subject FLUORIDE en_US
dc.subject FLUOROSIS en_US
dc.subject CALCIUM en_US
dc.subject SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN en_US
dc.title Association Between Dietary Fluoride and Calcium Intake of School-Age Children With Symptoms of Dental and Skeletal Fluorosis in Halaba, Southern Ethiopia en_US
dc.type Journal Article en_US
ep.contributor.affiliation Ethiopia and Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia en_US
ep.contributor.affiliation School of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Hawassa University, Awasa, Ethiopia en_US
ep.contributor.affiliation Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia en_US
ep.contributor.affiliation Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia en_US
ep.contributor.affiliation College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada en_US
ep.identifier.status Open Access en_US
ep.identifier.doi DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.853719 en_US
ep.journal Frontiers in Oral Health en_US
ep.volume 3 en_US


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