Human immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) infection in tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In a country with a rapidly spreading HIV epidemic information regarding HIV and TB Co-infection are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection in a representative sample of sputum-positive tuberculosis patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey whereby blood sample was collected from 236 consecutively coming smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients for HIV testing. This study, which involved all the health centres in Addis Ababa, was carried out during August 1, 1998 to the end of December 1998.RESULTS: Of the 236 blood samples collected, 107(45.3%) were HIV positive. Among the HIV positives, 66 (61.7%) were male and 41(38.3%) females. The HIV-TB co-infection was highest in the age group 20-49 and the largest number of TB co-infection (75% of all such co-infection) was found in the 20-39 age group. There was no significant difference between the HIV positive and negative TB patients concerning to other socio-demographic factors or presenting symptoms. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of co-infection appeared to have increased compared to previous studies, 6.6%, 20 & 25% and 44.4% in 1990, 1995, and 1996, respectively. This trend may have a serious impact on the control of tuberculosis. Co-ordinating strategies of the TB and HIV control programs is recommended.